Maraschino Cherry Magic: Recipes, History, and How-To Guide
Maraschino cherries: those vibrant, almost unnaturally red jewels that adorn cocktails, sundaes, and countless desserts. But what exactly *are* they? Beyond their eye-catching color, lies a fascinating history and a surprising range of culinary applications. This comprehensive guide will delve into the world of maraschino cherries, exploring their origins, production process, various uses in recipes (with detailed instructions!), and even a few tips for making your own at home.
## What Are Maraschino Cherries?
At their core, maraschino cherries are preserved, sweetened cherries. While traditionally made from light-colored sweet cherries like Royal Ann or Rainier varieties, most commercially produced maraschino cherries today start with varieties like Gold or Emperor cherries. The key to their signature color and flavor lies in the processing methods they undergo.
## A Brief History
The story of the maraschino cherry begins in the 19th century in present-day Croatia (Dalmatia), where marasca cherries were preserved in maraschino liqueur. This liqueur, also derived from marasca cherries, imparted a unique almond-like flavor and aroma. These preserved cherries were a delicacy enjoyed by royalty and the wealthy.
As immigration to the United States increased, Americans were exposed to these luxurious treats. However, importing them was expensive. Enterprising American producers began experimenting with local cherry varieties and preservation techniques. Early versions often used maraschino liqueur or similar flavorings to mimic the original. However, during Prohibition, the use of alcohol in maraschino cherry production became problematic. This led to the development of alternative methods that didn’t require alcohol.
Professor Ernest H. Wiegand of Oregon State University is often credited with developing the modern maraschino cherry process. He experimented with different methods to preserve cherries without alcohol, eventually perfecting a technique using calcium chloride and sulfur dioxide to bleach and firm the cherries before sweetening and coloring them. This process allowed for mass production and made maraschino cherries more accessible to the general public.
## The Modern Maraschino Cherry Process: A Step-by-Step Guide
The production of maraschino cherries is a multi-step process that transforms fresh cherries into the bright red, sweet treats we know and love. Here’s a detailed breakdown:
1. **Harvesting and Sorting:** The process begins with the careful harvesting of fresh cherries, typically in June or July. The cherries are then sorted to remove any damaged or unsuitable fruit.
2. **Brining (Bleaching and Firming):** The sorted cherries are placed in large vats filled with a brine solution containing calcium chloride and sulfur dioxide. This solution serves several important functions:
* **Bleaching:** The sulfur dioxide bleaches the cherries, removing their natural color. This creates a blank canvas for the artificial red dye that will be added later.
* **Firming:** The calcium chloride helps to firm the cherries, giving them their characteristic slightly crisp texture. Without this step, the cherries would become too soft and mushy during the subsequent processing.
* **Preservation:** The brine also acts as a preservative, preventing the cherries from spoiling during this stage.
The cherries typically remain in the brine solution for several weeks or even months, depending on the specific processing method.
3. **Washing and Pitting:** After the brining process, the cherries are thoroughly washed to remove the brine solution. They are then pitted, either manually or mechanically. Pitting removes the cherry stones, making them safe and easier to eat.
4. **Sweetening and Dyeing:** The pitted cherries are then immersed in a series of sugar syrups, gradually increasing the sugar concentration over several days or weeks. This process, known as “candying,” replaces the water in the cherries with sugar, further preserving them and giving them their characteristic sweetness. Artificial red dye (typically Red 40) is added to the syrup to achieve the bright red color. Other artificial colors may be used to create different colored maraschino cherries (e.g., green).
5. **Flavoring:** After reaching the desired level of sweetness and color, the cherries are infused with flavoring. The flavoring can vary depending on the manufacturer and the desired product. Common flavorings include almond extract, vanilla extract, and artificial cherry flavor. It’s important to note that many commercially produced maraschino cherries no longer contain any actual cherry flavor beyond what remains from the original fruit.
6. **Packaging:** Finally, the flavored cherries are packaged in jars or cans, along with a sugar syrup. The jars are then sealed and pasteurized to ensure their safety and extend their shelf life.
## Maraschino Cherry Varieties
While the standard bright red maraschino cherry is the most common, there are several variations available:
* **Red Maraschino Cherries:** The classic, artificially colored red cherry with a sweet, slightly almond-flavored syrup.
* **Green Maraschino Cherries:** Colored with green dye and often flavored with mint or other complementary flavors.
* **Golden Maraschino Cherries:** These are less common and retain a more natural color. They often have a more subtle flavor and may be preserved in a lighter syrup.
* **Stemmed vs. Stemless:** Maraschino cherries are available with or without the stem attached. Stemmed cherries are often preferred for cocktails and garnishes, while stemless cherries are more convenient for baking and other applications.
* **Liqueur-Based Maraschino Cherries:** Some specialty brands still produce maraschino cherries using the traditional method, preserving them in maraschino liqueur. These cherries have a more complex flavor and a slightly boozy aroma.
## Culinary Uses: Recipes with Maraschino Cherries
Maraschino cherries are incredibly versatile and can be used in a wide variety of culinary applications. Here are some ideas, along with detailed recipes:
### 1. Classic Shirley Temple
The Shirley Temple is perhaps the most iconic drink featuring maraschino cherries. It’s a non-alcoholic beverage that’s perfect for kids and adults alike.
**Ingredients:**
* 6 ounces ginger ale
* 1 ounce grenadine
* Maraschino cherries, for garnish
* Ice
**Instructions:**
1. Fill a glass with ice.
2. Pour in the ginger ale and grenadine.
3. Stir gently to combine.
4. Garnish with one or two maraschino cherries.
### 2. Maraschino Cherry Cupcakes
Add a burst of flavor and color to your cupcakes with chopped maraschino cherries.
**Ingredients:**
* 1 box (15.25 ounces) white cake mix
* 1 1/4 cups water
* 1/3 cup vegetable oil
* 3 large egg whites
* 1/2 cup chopped maraschino cherries, drained and patted dry
* 1/4 cup maraschino cherry juice (from the jar)
* Frosting of your choice (vanilla buttercream recommended)
* Whole maraschino cherries, for garnish
**Instructions:**
1. Preheat oven to 350°F (175°C). Line a cupcake pan with cupcake liners.
2. In a large bowl, combine the cake mix, water, vegetable oil, egg whites, and maraschino cherry juice.
3. Beat with an electric mixer on low speed for 30 seconds, then on medium speed for 2 minutes.
4. Gently fold in the chopped maraschino cherries.
5. Fill the cupcake liners about 2/3 full.
6. Bake for 18-20 minutes, or until a toothpick inserted into the center comes out clean.
7. Let the cupcakes cool in the pan for a few minutes before transferring them to a wire rack to cool completely.
8. Frost the cupcakes with your favorite frosting and garnish with a whole maraschino cherry on top.
### 3. Maraschino Cherry Chocolate Chip Cookies
These cookies are a delightful twist on the classic chocolate chip cookie, with the added sweetness and chewiness of maraschino cherries.
**Ingredients:**
* 1 cup (2 sticks) unsalted butter, softened
* 3/4 cup granulated sugar
* 3/4 cup packed brown sugar
* 2 large eggs
* 1 teaspoon vanilla extract
* 2 1/4 cups all-purpose flour
* 1 teaspoon baking soda
* 1 teaspoon salt
* 1 cup chocolate chips (semi-sweet or milk chocolate)
* 1/2 cup chopped maraschino cherries, drained and patted dry
**Instructions:**
1. Preheat oven to 375°F (190°C). Line a baking sheet with parchment paper.
2. In a large bowl, cream together the butter, granulated sugar, and brown sugar until light and fluffy.
3. Beat in the eggs one at a time, then stir in the vanilla extract.
4. In a separate bowl, whisk together the flour, baking soda, and salt.
5. Gradually add the dry ingredients to the wet ingredients, mixing until just combined.
6. Stir in the chocolate chips and chopped maraschino cherries.
7. Drop by rounded tablespoons onto the prepared baking sheet.
8. Bake for 9-11 minutes, or until the edges are golden brown.
9. Let the cookies cool on the baking sheet for a few minutes before transferring them to a wire rack to cool completely.
### 4. Cherry Clafoutis
A classic French baked dessert, Clafoutis is traditionally made with fresh cherries. However, maraschino cherries can be used in a pinch, although the flavor profile will be different.
**Ingredients:**
* 1 cup all-purpose flour
* 1/2 cup granulated sugar
* 1/4 teaspoon salt
* 3 large eggs
* 1 1/2 cups milk
* 1 teaspoon vanilla extract
* 1/4 cup melted butter
* 1 cup pitted maraschino cherries, drained and patted dry
* Powdered sugar, for dusting (optional)
**Instructions:**
1. Preheat oven to 375°F (190°C). Grease a 9-inch pie dish or baking dish.
2. In a blender or food processor, combine the flour, sugar, salt, eggs, milk, and vanilla extract.
3. Blend until smooth.
4. Stir in the melted butter.
5. Pour the batter into the prepared dish.
6. Scatter the maraschino cherries evenly over the batter.
7. Bake for 35-40 minutes, or until the clafoutis is puffed and golden brown.
8. Let cool slightly before dusting with powdered sugar (if using).
9. Serve warm or at room temperature.
### 5. Maraschino Cherry Parfaits
These parfaits are a quick, easy, and delicious dessert or snack.
**Ingredients:**
* Vanilla yogurt (or any flavor you prefer)
* Granola
* Chopped maraschino cherries, drained
* Whipped cream (optional)
**Instructions:**
1. In a glass or parfait dish, layer yogurt, granola, and chopped maraschino cherries.
2. Repeat the layers until the glass is full.
3. Top with whipped cream and a whole maraschino cherry, if desired.
4. Serve immediately.
### 6. Old Fashioned Cocktail
While controversial in some circles, a maraschino cherry is a common garnish in an Old Fashioned cocktail.
**Ingredients:**
* 2 ounces bourbon or rye whiskey
* 1 sugar cube (or 1 teaspoon granulated sugar)
* 2-3 dashes Angostura bitters
* Splash of water
* Orange peel, for garnish
* Maraschino cherry, for garnish
**Instructions:**
1. Place the sugar cube in an old-fashioned glass.
2. Add the bitters and a splash of water.
3. Muddle until the sugar is dissolved.
4. Fill the glass with ice.
5. Pour in the bourbon or rye whiskey.
6. Stir gently to combine.
7. Garnish with an orange peel and a maraschino cherry.
### 7. Cherry Garcia Ice Cream (Copycat)
Recreate the popular Ben & Jerry’s flavor at home!
**Ingredients:**
* 2 cups heavy cream
* 1 cup whole milk
* 3/4 cup granulated sugar
* 1/4 teaspoon salt
* 1 teaspoon vanilla extract
* 1/2 cup mini chocolate chips
* 1/2 cup chopped maraschino cherries, drained and patted dry
**Instructions:**
1. In a saucepan, combine the heavy cream, whole milk, sugar, and salt.
2. Heat over medium heat, stirring constantly, until the sugar is dissolved.
3. Remove from heat and stir in the vanilla extract.
4. Let the mixture cool completely in the refrigerator (at least 4 hours or preferably overnight).
5. Pour the chilled mixture into an ice cream maker and churn according to the manufacturer’s instructions.
6. During the last few minutes of churning, add the mini chocolate chips and chopped maraschino cherries.
7. Transfer the ice cream to an airtight container and freeze for at least 2 hours before serving.
### 8. Cherry Pie Filling Enhancement
Adding chopped maraschino cherries to store-bought cherry pie filling can enhance the flavor and texture.
**Ingredients:**
* 1 can (21 ounces) cherry pie filling
* 1/2 cup chopped maraschino cherries, drained and patted dry
* (Optional) Almond extract, to taste
**Instructions:**
1. In a bowl, combine the cherry pie filling and chopped maraschino cherries.
2. Add a few drops of almond extract, if desired.
3. Use as a filling for your cherry pie recipe.
## Making Your Own Maraschino Cherries (Alternative Method)
While the traditional industrial process is complex, you can create a similar (though not identical) treat at home.
**Ingredients:**
* 1 pound fresh sweet cherries (Royal Ann or Rainier are ideal), pitted and stemmed
* 1 cup water
* 1 cup granulated sugar
* 1/4 cup maraschino cherry juice (reserved from a jar of store-bought cherries)
* 1 tablespoon lemon juice
* 1/2 teaspoon almond extract (optional)
* Red food coloring (optional, for a brighter red)
**Instructions:**
1. In a saucepan, combine the water and sugar.
2. Heat over medium heat, stirring constantly, until the sugar is dissolved.
3. Add the maraschino cherry juice, lemon juice, and almond extract (if using).
4. Bring to a simmer and cook for 5 minutes.
5. Add the cherries to the syrup.
6. Gently simmer for 10-15 minutes, or until the cherries are slightly softened and have absorbed some of the syrup.
7. If desired, add a few drops of red food coloring to deepen the color.
8. Remove from heat and let the cherries cool in the syrup.
9. Transfer the cherries and syrup to a sterilized jar.
10. Refrigerate for at least 24 hours before serving. The cherries will continue to absorb flavor over time. These homemade cherries will have a more natural cherry flavor than commercial versions and will not be as intensely red. They should be stored in the refrigerator and consumed within a few weeks.
## Tips for Using Maraschino Cherries
* **Drain and Pat Dry:** Before using maraschino cherries in baking recipes, it’s essential to drain them well and pat them dry with paper towels. This prevents the excess syrup from affecting the consistency of your batter or dough.
* **Chop Evenly:** If a recipe calls for chopped maraschino cherries, try to chop them into uniform pieces. This will ensure that they are evenly distributed throughout the dish.
* **Use the Juice:** Don’t throw away the juice from the jar of maraschino cherries! It can be used to add flavor and color to cocktails, cakes, and other desserts.
* **Storage:** Store maraschino cherries in their syrup in the refrigerator. They will last for several months.
## The Debate: Are Maraschino Cherries Good or Bad?
Maraschino cherries often face criticism due to their artificial color, high sugar content, and lack of real cherry flavor in many commercial varieties. While it’s true that they aren’t the most nutritious food, they can be enjoyed in moderation as an occasional treat. Choosing brands that use more natural ingredients and avoiding excessive consumption are ways to mitigate potential downsides. Alternatively, the homemade method above yields a product with much less artificial coloring and flavoring.
## Conclusion
Maraschino cherries, despite their somewhat controversial nature, have a long and fascinating history. From their origins as a luxurious delicacy to their current status as a ubiquitous garnish, they’ve become an integral part of American culinary culture. Whether you love them or hate them, there’s no denying their visual appeal and their ability to add a touch of sweetness to a variety of dishes. So, the next time you see a maraschino cherry, take a moment to appreciate its journey and consider the many ways you can incorporate it into your culinary creations. From a classic Shirley Temple to a decadent chocolate chip cookie, the possibilities are endless!